The Naxalite insurgency is
an ongoing conflict between the Naxals and the Indian government. The
peasant revolt started in a place called Naxalbari
in 1972 in three areas of the Darjeeling district of West Bengal to save
the proletariat's.
In the February of 1967 when the United Front government with CPI participation came into power in West Bengal, some active groups emerged. One of them under the leadership of Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal, developed militancy on the peasant front and prepared peasants for an armed struggle. Initially, the leaders preached massive participation of peasants for forcible occupation of land from the landowners but later on they started liquidation of their enemies through the use of guerrilla tactics. Thus, mass movements were replaced by underground small group squads. This guerrilla activity of Naxalbari movement struck most in West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh and later on in Bihar also.
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The peasants were so much exploited and treated like bonded labour that it led to the revolt which later on became an armed revolution.
Kanu Sanyal and others made their first entry amongst the exploited peasants in the 1960s, demanding abolition of zamindari, land to the tiller, prevention of tenant eviction, etc. The call given by the Kisan Sabha was:
“Reap and store the harvest at your own place, ask Jotedars (landowner) to furnish proof of their landownership before the peasant committee, arm yourself to protect the crop and save your crop from the police.”
In the second phase of the uprising i.e., in the late 60s and early 70s, secret combat groups were formed and peasants were urged to seize the lands from the landowners and also from the plantation workers (who had purchased land from poor peasants).
The 1967 Naxalbari uprising in Naxalbari area was suppressed through police action, but the revolt was renewed by August-September 1968 and continued up to 1972.
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The present Govt. has seen reduction in Naxalite activities in some states, such as Madhya Pradesh as a result of their introduction Social Security Schemes such as MGNREGA etc. With the development and increase in employment of people in the areas of the Red Corridor, Naxalism is expected to go down, but then again Maoism is a political philosophy and for some people the way of life.
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In the February of 1967 when the United Front government with CPI participation came into power in West Bengal, some active groups emerged. One of them under the leadership of Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal, developed militancy on the peasant front and prepared peasants for an armed struggle. Initially, the leaders preached massive participation of peasants for forcible occupation of land from the landowners but later on they started liquidation of their enemies through the use of guerrilla tactics. Thus, mass movements were replaced by underground small group squads. This guerrilla activity of Naxalbari movement struck most in West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh and later on in Bihar also.
Click here to read: All you need to know about Indian Air Force
Also read: SSB Lecturette Seires: NIITI Aayog
The peasants were so much exploited and treated like bonded labour that it led to the revolt which later on became an armed revolution.
Kanu Sanyal and others made their first entry amongst the exploited peasants in the 1960s, demanding abolition of zamindari, land to the tiller, prevention of tenant eviction, etc. The call given by the Kisan Sabha was:
“Reap and store the harvest at your own place, ask Jotedars (landowner) to furnish proof of their landownership before the peasant committee, arm yourself to protect the crop and save your crop from the police.”
In the second phase of the uprising i.e., in the late 60s and early 70s, secret combat groups were formed and peasants were urged to seize the lands from the landowners and also from the plantation workers (who had purchased land from poor peasants).
The 1967 Naxalbari uprising in Naxalbari area was suppressed through police action, but the revolt was renewed by August-September 1968 and continued up to 1972.
Important Points:
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| Districts affected by Naxalite Movement (2013 survey) |
1. The term ‘Naxal’ is derived from the name of the
village, Naxalbari. They support Maoist
political sentiment and ideology. So sometimes are also referred to as ‘Maoists’.
2.
The Naxalite movement originated with the
split of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), which resulted into the
formation of the Communist Party of
India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1967. A section of the Communist Party of India
(Marxist) (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal Santhal initiated the violent
uprising in 1967.
3.
In 2009, Naxalites were active across
approximately 180 districts in ten states of India. Now that has been
minimised to 60 districts.
4. The areas affected by
the Naxalite insurgency as a whole is termed as the “Red Corridor”. It comprises of areas such as Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha,
West Bengal ,
Chhattisgarh and Telangana and are economically backword despite being rich in
natural resources including mineral, forestry and potential hydroelectric
generation capacity.
5. The paramilitary forces and the
Central & State police forces along with their Commando Battalion (COBRA) are responsible in fighting the
Naxalites. Former Home Minster Chidambaram in the aftermath of the 2010 Maoist
attack in Dantewada in Chhattisgarh wanted to deploy the Army to tackle the
rebels. But he was opposed by Former Chief of Army Staff, General Vikram
Kumar Singh who had said “I am fully aware of the situation on
the ground. It is a socio-economic and governance issue and needs to be
addressed accordingly. At the same time, it is not a secessionist movement and
it would not be correct to use the Army
against our own people”. But in July 1971, Indira Gandhi had
engaged the Indian Army against the Naxalites and
launched a colossal combined army and police
counter-insurgency operation. The para commandos had also participated
in that operation (Steeplechase).
6.
Till date many anti-Naxalite
operations have been undertaken by the Govt. Notable ones being ‘Operation Steeplechase’ (1971) & ‘Operation Green Hunt’ (2009). The name
’Green Hunt’ was given by the Indian media & is believed to have begun in
November 2009 along the five states in the ‘Red Corridor’.
It had attracted a lot of attention as the Indian Media and Human Rights
Organisation believed that a lot of Police personnel were involved in vehement
sexual atrocities & looting in the rural villages of
the Naxalite areas.
7. Right now the main groups
are People's Liberation Guerrilla Army
(having a strength of 8000-9000 naxals) and People's Militia (armed with bows, arrows, and machetes, having a
strength of 38,000 naxals).
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The present Govt. has seen reduction in Naxalite activities in some states, such as Madhya Pradesh as a result of their introduction Social Security Schemes such as MGNREGA etc. With the development and increase in employment of people in the areas of the Red Corridor, Naxalism is expected to go down, but then again Maoism is a political philosophy and for some people the way of life.
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About
the Author:
Arkoprobho
Chakrabarti is a final year Computer Science & Engineering Student, who
lives in Kolkata, West Bengal. He aspires to become an Officer of the
Indian Army and join the Special Forces. He is a fitness freak and a martial
artist verse in the art of Muay Thai & Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He is also
trained in Budokan Karate and Chinese Winchun. He loves adventure & apart
from that he is also the editor of his college magazine and has a love for
various animals.
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aswm topics .. nd gd presentation
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