The PSLV has emerged as one of the most reliable launch
vehicles in the world with a thirty seventh consecutive mission that succeeded.
The PSLV-C37 took off from the First Launch Pad at Sriharikota High Altitude
Range in Andhra Pradesh, and made history with the launch of 104 satellites
in a single mission. The
main payload was the Earth Observation Satellite CartoSat-2D. Isro had two
other nanosatellites on board, INS-1A and INS-1B. The other 101 satellites on board
were foreign, and were
allowed to piggyback on the mission through the agency of the commercial arm of
ISRO Antrix.
Lets
see the minute details of the mission:
·
In its thirty ninth flight (PSLV-C37), ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle successfully launched the 714 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite along with
103 co-passenger satellites on feb 15th morning from Satish Dhawan
Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. This is the thirty eighth consecutively
successful mission of PSLV. The total weight of all the 104 satellites carried
on-board PSLV-C37 was 1378 kg.
·
PSLV-C37 lifted
off at 0928 hrs (9:28 am) IST, as planned, from the First Launch Pad. After a
flight of 16 minutes 48 seconds, the satellites achieved a polar Sun Synchronous Orbit of 506 km inclined at an angle of 97.46
degree to the equator (very close to the intended orbit) and in the succeeding
12 minutes, all the 104 satellites successfully separated from the PSLV fourth
stage in a predetermined sequence beginning with Cartosat-2 series satellite,
followed by INS-1 and INS-2. The total
number of Indian satellites launched by PSLV now stands at 46.
·
After
separation, the two solar arrays of Cartosat-2 series satellite were deployed
automatically and ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Bangalore took over the
control of the satellite. In the coming days, the satellite will be brought to
its final operational configuration following which it will begin to provide
remote sensing services using its panchromatic
(black and white) and multispectral (colour)
cameras.
·
Of the
103 co-passenger satellites carried by PSLV-C37, two – ISRO Nano Satellite-1
(INS-1) weighing 8.4 kg and INS-2 weighing 9.7 kg – are technology
demonstration satellites from India.
·
The
remaining 101 co-passenger satellites carried were international customer
satellites from USA (96), The
Netherlands (1), Switzerland (1), Israel (1), Kazakhstan (1) and UAE (1).
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LIST OF SATELLITES ON BOARD:
·
CartoSat-2D
– ISRO, India (1)
CartoSat-2D is fifth in the series of CartoSat-2 remote-sensing satellites that capture and send panchromatic and multispectral images of India from space. These images can be used to monitor the coastal land use, urban and rural planning, road networks and water distribution, and to identify natural and man-made features. Weighing 714 kilograms, ISRO’s CartoSat-2D is the heaviest satellite onboard the PSLV-C37 and accounts for more than half the 1,377 kilogram payload of the rocket.
CartoSat-2D is fifth in the series of CartoSat-2 remote-sensing satellites that capture and send panchromatic and multispectral images of India from space. These images can be used to monitor the coastal land use, urban and rural planning, road networks and water distribution, and to identify natural and man-made features. Weighing 714 kilograms, ISRO’s CartoSat-2D is the heaviest satellite onboard the PSLV-C37 and accounts for more than half the 1,377 kilogram payload of the rocket.
·
INS-1A –
ISRO, India (1)
ISRO Nano Satellite-1A is an 8.4-kilogram research satellite that will stay operational for six months, and carry two science payloads. One is the Surface BRDF Radiometer (SBR) payload that can be used measure the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of targets on the Earth's surface and will be able to take readings of the sunlight reflected off different surface features. The other is the Single Event Upset Monitor (SEUM), which can be used to track Single Event Upsets that happen due to high energy radiation in space environment in Commercial, Off-the-Shelf (COTS) electronic components.
ISRO Nano Satellite-1A is an 8.4-kilogram research satellite that will stay operational for six months, and carry two science payloads. One is the Surface BRDF Radiometer (SBR) payload that can be used measure the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of targets on the Earth's surface and will be able to take readings of the sunlight reflected off different surface features. The other is the Single Event Upset Monitor (SEUM), which can be used to track Single Event Upsets that happen due to high energy radiation in space environment in Commercial, Off-the-Shelf (COTS) electronic components.
·
INS-1B –
ISRO, India (1)
ISRO Nano Satellite-1B aboard the new PSLV-C37 rocket is also a modular satellite similar to the INS-1B, but weighs 9.7 kilogram. It is expected to remain operational for 6-12 months and also carries two science payloads: the Earth Exosphere Lyman Alpha Analyser (EELA) and Origami Camera payload from ISRO's Space Application Centre (SAC). EELA keeps track of terrestrial exospheric line-of-sight neutral atomic hydrogen Lyman Alpha flux and can give an estimate for the interplanetary hydrogen Lyman Alpha background flux by means of deep space observations. The Origami Camera, on the other hand, is a remote sensing colour camera that can take high-resolution pictures of the Earth with a small package.
ISRO Nano Satellite-1B aboard the new PSLV-C37 rocket is also a modular satellite similar to the INS-1B, but weighs 9.7 kilogram. It is expected to remain operational for 6-12 months and also carries two science payloads: the Earth Exosphere Lyman Alpha Analyser (EELA) and Origami Camera payload from ISRO's Space Application Centre (SAC). EELA keeps track of terrestrial exospheric line-of-sight neutral atomic hydrogen Lyman Alpha flux and can give an estimate for the interplanetary hydrogen Lyman Alpha background flux by means of deep space observations. The Origami Camera, on the other hand, is a remote sensing colour camera that can take high-resolution pictures of the Earth with a small package.
·
Flock-3p
– Plant Labs, United States of America (88)
ISRO’s PSLV-C37 will take Planet Labs’ 88 Flock-3p nano-satellites to space, bringing the total number of Dove satellites in space to 100. The satellites will be able to capture images of the entire Earth surface once a day and take pictures in line-scanner formation at mid-morning pass times to minimise shadows in the images they capture.
ISRO’s PSLV-C37 will take Planet Labs’ 88 Flock-3p nano-satellites to space, bringing the total number of Dove satellites in space to 100. The satellites will be able to capture images of the entire Earth surface once a day and take pictures in line-scanner formation at mid-morning pass times to minimise shadows in the images they capture.
·
Lemur-2 –
Spire Global, United States of America (8)
Eight Lemur-2 nano-satellites operated by Spire Global of the USA, each of which carries a meteorological payload that can determine the atmospheric pressure, humidity and temperature using signals from GPS satellites in Earth’s atmosphere. These nano-satellites also carry a payload that allows them to monitor and send forward tracking data from seafaring vessels.
Eight Lemur-2 nano-satellites operated by Spire Global of the USA, each of which carries a meteorological payload that can determine the atmospheric pressure, humidity and temperature using signals from GPS satellites in Earth’s atmosphere. These nano-satellites also carry a payload that allows them to monitor and send forward tracking data from seafaring vessels.
·
Al-Farabi-1
– Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan (1)
The Al-Farabi-1 is a nano-satellite developed by students of the Kazakhstan’s Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. It weighs 1.7 kilograms and will work on calculating uplink/downlink and ADCS Mission algorithms and testing of self-made components.
The Al-Farabi-1 is a nano-satellite developed by students of the Kazakhstan’s Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. It weighs 1.7 kilograms and will work on calculating uplink/downlink and ADCS Mission algorithms and testing of self-made components.
·
BGUSat –
Ben Gurion University, Israel (1)
A 3U CubeSat nano-satellite developed by Israel’s Ben Gurion University, BGUSat carries two imaging payloads, an experimental GPS receiver and an optical communication experiment. It measures 10x10x30 centimetres and weighs 5 kilograms. The BGUSat’s cameras can track climate phenomena and its guidance system enables the operators choose the areas to shoot and research through a dedicated ground station at BGU.
A 3U CubeSat nano-satellite developed by Israel’s Ben Gurion University, BGUSat carries two imaging payloads, an experimental GPS receiver and an optical communication experiment. It measures 10x10x30 centimetres and weighs 5 kilograms. The BGUSat’s cameras can track climate phenomena and its guidance system enables the operators choose the areas to shoot and research through a dedicated ground station at BGU.
·
Nayif-1 –
Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST), UAE (1)
Students at UAE’s Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST) developed the Nayif-1 nano-satellite and will be used for educational purposes.
Students at UAE’s Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST) developed the Nayif-1 nano-satellite and will be used for educational purposes.
·
DIDO-2 –
SpacePharma, Israel and Switzerland (1)
DIDO-2 is a microgravity research nano-satellite that can be used to conduct biochemical and physical experiments in micro-gravity. It will serve pharmaceutical companies, as well as other organisations, and will be able to send back data to Earth-based researchers via the on-board microscope.
DIDO-2 is a microgravity research nano-satellite that can be used to conduct biochemical and physical experiments in micro-gravity. It will serve pharmaceutical companies, as well as other organisations, and will be able to send back data to Earth-based researchers via the on-board microscope.
·
PEASS –
PEASS Consortium, Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, and Israel (1)
PiezoElectric Assisted Smart Satellite Structure or PEASS is a nano-satellite that can be used to evaluate and qualify ‘smart structures’ which combine composite panels, piezoelectric materials, and next-generation sensors.
PiezoElectric Assisted Smart Satellite Structure or PEASS is a nano-satellite that can be used to evaluate and qualify ‘smart structures’ which combine composite panels, piezoelectric materials, and next-generation sensors.
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APPLICATIONS OF
PSLV C37
·
Earth
observation
·
Satellite
communication
·
Disaster
management support
·
Satellite
navigation
·
Climate
and environment
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About the Author:
Dinesh is from Vizianagaram and am pursuing Btech in Mvgr college of engineering in the stream of electrical engineering. He is passionate towards the armed forces and want to become an officer in forces. He is interested in playing games and also wants to spend some time in social work. He believes in NO PAIN NO GAIN and wants to see himself in respectable position.
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